: This study aims to examine the possibility of applying balanced scorecard to SAMSAT Mataram Office. The assertion of the importance of a more comprehensive measurement method that traditional measurements we know so far is very difficult to measure the intangible assets. Therefore, a performance measurement system that is able to measure the value of the intangible assets is required to estimate and deliver an economic success of the organization. Implementation of a balanced scorecard supported by the correct reporting system will support the realization of good governance. This research uses qualitative approach with Case Study research strategy. The result of the research shows that to increase the strategic role as public service provider institution with excellent service system and mechanism requires uniformity between performance measurement result with actual condition of office / institution performance or government organization. As a method of measuring the performance of the balanced scorecard framework is perceived to be relatively comprehensive, coherent, balanced and measurable compared to the measurement of AKIP performance in SAKIP, therefore the balance scorecard framework is then perceived as necessary for government agencies such as SAMSAT to be implemented in office performance measurement. Office performance measurement using the balance scorecard is not intended to replace the existing LAKIP framework within SAKIP, but rather an attempt to provide input within the AKIP framework by including key performance indicators that have not been considered in the SAKIP framework.
Government organizations in the current era, both central and local governments are expected to be accountable, competitive, sociable, and focused on performance. Therefore it is considered to improve the success indicators of a government agency to better reflect the actual performance. In the module Socialization of Performance Accountability System Government Agencies LAN and BPKP (
The level of achievement of an organization's performance in the public sector will always be linked to the implementation of various principles of good governance or good governance. Implementation of the principles of "good government governance" in the implementation of government duties becomes a critical public demand in monitoring and evaluating the benefits and value derived from the services of government agencies. On the other hand, the measurement of success and failure of government agencies in carrying out their main tasks and functions is difficult to be done objectively because of the lack of performance measurement system that can inform objective and measurable success rate from the implementation of programs in a government institution. Along with its development, all organizations are required to compete to provide maximum service, not least government organizations. Similarly, government officials as public servants and government servants, are also required to be able to provide services to the community because it is already one of the functions that must be executed by the government who has the task of organizing the whole process of implementation of development in various sectors of life from the central level to regional level.
A public sector performance measurement system is a system that aims to help public managers assess the achievement of a strategy through financial and non-financial measures. Performance measurement system can be used as an organizational control tool, because performance measurement is strengthened by setting reward and punishment system. According to Madiasmo (
Badan Pengelolaan Pendapatan Daerah West Nusa Tenggara Provincial through SAMSAT Office should every effort to provide quality service and realize the targets of motor vehicle tax revenue, so as to establish a harmonious relationship between the service provider and the recipient of the service. In fact, public services provided by public sector agencies have not been optimal. This can be seen from the many complaints of people when taking care of the needs in government agencies.So far, the government measures the accountability performance of public sector institutions through a Government Accountability Performance Report (LAKIP) based on Government Regulation No. 8 of 2006 on Financial Reporting and Performance of Government Agencies. Broadly speaking, LAKIP contains a list of outcomes (outputs) of each agency, compared to targets contained in the organization's strategic plan. Measurements of LAKIP are aimed at assessing the use of government budget, in order to produce outputs that match the desired target. LAKIP has been quite well applied to government agencies but LAKIP is considered less able to describe the performance of agencies in a comprehensive manner.
To improve the performance of government / public sector organizations, a performance-based system is required. Good performance should have a reliable and qualified performance measurement system, so it is necessary to use performance measures that not only rely on financial aspects but also pay attention to non-financial aspects. The concept of Balance Scorecard is a measure of the performance of an organization that takes into account the financial and non-financial side, internal and external aspects, as well as considering the mass aspects of the past and the future aspects of the organization. There are 4 (four) basic perspectives in the Balance Scorecard, ie 1) financial / financial perspective; 2) customer perspective; 3) internal business process perspective; 4) learning and growth perspective. The four perspectives are interrelated in building the performance profile of an organization whose results are shown through a scorecard as the final result of an organization's performance measurement.
The use of the Balanced Scorecard concept in government organizations is believed to improve public sector accountability, improve public sector performance, improve service effectiveness, improve service quality and lower public service costs (
Performance indicators are needed so that in assessing organizational performance can be objective. The ideal indicators should be related to cost efficiency and service quality. Quality of service is related to fitness and objectivity, consistency, and public satisfaction. Community satisfaction in that context can be attributed to the lower complaint of the community (
Badan Pengelolaan Pendapatan Daerah of West Nusa Tenggara Province has the main duty to assist the Governor in carrying out regional government affairs in the field of regional revenue based on the principle of autonomy. The main tasks undertaken by the Badan Pengelolaan Pendapatan Daerah of West Nusa Tenggara Province are among others the functions of formulating technical policies in the fields of income, planning of programs and activities in the field of income, administration of public affairs and public services in the field of income, coordinating and fostering tasks in revenue, control and evaluation of implementation Other tasks assigned by the Governor in accordance with their main duties and functions (LAKIP Dipenda NTB Province, 2016). The strategic aspect that influences the implementation of the main tasks and functions of the Regional Revenue Management Board of West Nusa Tenggara Province, among others influenced by the internal environment that became the main problem facing Bappenda West Nusa Tenggara Province and will affect the achievement of Bappenda performance is the quality of human resources is still low, The unavailability of valid potential data, service to the taxpayer community has not been optimal and the performance of bureaucracy is generally low. On the other hand, external environmental problems such as economic kisis, kamtibmas disruption, credibility of the government and public demand for service facilities also have an impact on the achievement of Bappenda performance in the present (LAKIP Dipenda NTB Province, 2016).
In every organization, performance is a key factor for realizing the vision and mission to be achieved. Performance is a description of the level of achievement of the implementation of an activity, program, policy in realizing the goals, objectives, mission and vision of the organization contained in the planning strategy of an organization (
Basically, performance always leads to the potential work obtained from certain job functions or certain activities during a certain period of time, the work that can be achieved either individual or group within an organization in accordance with their respective responsibilities in order to achieve the goals of the organization concerned. Based on the understanding of the performance of some opinions of experts above, it can be interpreted that the performance of employees closely related to the results of a person's work within an organization, the results of the work can be related to quality, quantity, and timeliness. Employee performance is not only influenced by the ability and expertise in work, but also strongly influenced by the spirit of work. Therefore, performance is a real behavior that is displayed every person as work performance generated by employees in accordance with its role in the organization. By having reliable human resources and non human resources that support an organization can provide good results so that the quality and quantity of work generated also support the achievement of organizational goals.
Performance appraisals aim to motivate employees, in achieving organizational goals and in complying with predetermined standards of conduct, in order to produce desired outcomes and results. Performance appraisals are undertaken to suppress undue behavior and to stimulate and enforce desirable behaviors through timely feedback on performance results and rewards, whether intrinsic or extrinsic. According to Mahmudi (
Implementation of performance indicators is the process of identification and classification of performance indicators through the system collection and pengelolahan data / information to determine the performance level of organizational programs. The organization's success in achieving its objectives can be determined by using the evaluation or assessment of the organization's activities under applicable rules, norms and ethics. Performance appraisal in a certain period of time is called the measurement of organizational performance, the results can be used as guidelines for improvement of organizational activities.
The definition of balanced scorecard according to Kaplan and Norton (
Balanced Scorecard, is a valuation method that is considered highly current and capable of being applied to public institutions and private institutions. Modern enterprise performance measurement by considering four perspectives (interconnected) which is the translation of strategy and goals desired by a company in the long term, which is then measured and monitored continuously (
Balance Scorecard uses four measurements in its implementation, namely: 1) financial perspective; 2) customer perspective; 3) internal business process perspective; 4) learning and growth perspective. In the Balance Scorecard, a financial perspective is a measure of past performance, while customer perspective, internal business processes, and learning and growth encourage future performance (
2.3. Balance Scorecard in Public Sector Performance Measurement
According to Kaplan and Norton (
Eagle (
The government should bridge the gap between public expectations or social needs and the delivery of public services it provides. There are differences from the perspective of a balanced scorecard applied to profit-oriented business organizations (private sector) and public service oriented organizations (public sector) as shown in table 1 below:
Differences Balance Scorecard Perspective on Private Sector and Public Sector
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|
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Financial/Operational Efficiency | How do we see and give value to shareholders? | How do we see and value people and / or taxpayers? |
Customer | How do customers see and evaluate our performance? | How do people using public services perceive and evaluate our performance? |
Learning and Growth | Can we continue to improve and create value to our customers, shareholders, employees and management and organizations? | Can we continue to improve and create value for the community / taxpayers, government officials and officials, and other stakeholders? |
Internal Process | What should be featured from word processes and products? | Have the development programs implemented provide the desired outcomes? |
From a number of different balanced scorecard perspectives, the application of the balanced scorecard in public sector organizations requires modification, but such modification does not necessarily have to be different from the balanced scorecard for business organizations.
This research uses qualitative research type with case study approach. Qualitative research is a research that intends to understand the phenomenon in the object of research with the words as a whole and descriptive (
In the implementation, this research will use purposive technique and is snowball sampling that is sampling technique of data source, which at first the number of little, long - long become big (Sugiyono, 2014: 219). This is done if a small number of data sources are not yet satisfactory, finding someone else that can be used as a data source is a way of doing snowball sampling technique so that informants are obtained to the point of saturation and no variation of answers from informants. Snowball sampling will be used on motor vehicle taxpayer informants.
Data collection is done by observation, interview and documentation. The researcher will do the validity of research data for the assurance of data accuracy. In qualitative research, the level of data validity is more emphasized on the data obtained, looking at it then the confidence data research results can be said to have a significant influence on The success of a study. To obtain valid data, this research will conduct validity test of data by conducting credibility test (validityas interbal) to data of research result in accordance with test procedure of data credibility in qualitative research. As a comparison to the data, then testing the validity of data is done by triangulation technique. In this research used qualitative data analysis with model.
The concept of measuring the performance of SAMSAT Mataram with LAKIP approach is a concept of performance measurement that does not use a single indicator in assessing the performance of an organization. Performance measurement that only finances from the financial aspect alone is irrelevant in decision making because financial measures are considered not proactive to potential problems such as operational issues (non-financial indicators). The financial and non-financial dimensions are very important and are a supportive entity that can reflect the overall organizational performance (
SAMSAT of Mataram City as one of the public sector organizations that provide services to the community. This organization is similar to the organization of government agencies as a whole that aims to provide optimal service and provide satisfaction for their service users. The indicator of the success of the organization of vehicle tax treatment services that have the same term characters with public sector organizations in general. The LAKIP approach can be used as a management tool to measure the performance of public sector organizations in general. The LAKIP approach can be used as a management tool to measure the performance of vehicle tax services (
The Balanced Scorecard concept will be abbreviated BSC. BSC is an approach to management strategy developed by Drs.Robert Kaplan (
In its development BSC has helped many companies to successfully achieve its goals. BSC has several advantages that traditional management strategy systems lack. Traditional management strategies only measure the performance of the organization from the financial side only and more emphasize measurements on things that are tangible, but business development demands to change the view that intangible things also play a role in the progress of the organization. BSC responds to these needs through a contemporary strategy management system, consisting of four perspectives: financial, customer, internal business processes and learning and growth. The superiority of the BSC approach in strategic planning systems (
There are 4 (four) basic perspectives in the Balance Scorecard, ie 1) financial / financial perspective; 2) customer perspective; 3) internal business process perspective; 4) learning and growth perspective. The four perspectives are interrelated in building the performance profile of an organization whose results are shown through a scorecard as the final result of an organization's performance measurement.
Financial Perspective according to Kaplan (
As noted earlier, the financial aspect remains an integral part of any organizational performance. Nevertheless there is a change of perspective in the financial perspective of the public sector. In public organizations, the financial perspective is more directed at how the organization improves its financial performance according to its own target effectively and efficiently.
Based on the results of the interviews, it was concluded that all informants explained that the performance implementation in the financial perspective provides benefits for management in SAMSAT Mataram City, and also becomes an evaluation of the activities of SAMSAT of Mataram City in order to measure the extent of the performance of the SAMSAT Office that has been implemented.
The Customer Perspective, in this customer perspective, identifies how their customers and market segments have been chosen by the company to compete with their competitors. The segment they have chosen reflects the customer's existence as their source of income. In this perspective, measurements were performed with five main aspects (Kaplan, 1996: 67); that is :
1. the measurement of market share, the measurement of the size of the firm's market share reflects the proportion of business in a particular business area expressed in terms of money, customer amount, or unit volume sold over each unit of product sold.
2. customer retention, measurement can be done by knowing the percentage of business growth with the number of customers currently owned by the company.
3. customer acquisition, the measurement can be done through the percentage of the number of new customer additions and the ratio of total sales to the number of new customers available.
4. customer satisfaction, measurement to the level of customer satisfaction can be done with various techniques such as: survey by mail (post), telephone interview, or personal interview.
5. customer profitability, measurement to customer profitability can be done by using Activity Based-Costing (ABC) technique.
Based on the results of the interviews, it was concluded that all informants explained that the implementation of performance in the perspective of the customer provides benefits for management in SAMSAT of Mataram City, and also become an evaluation of the service that has been implemented.
The Internal Business Process Perspective, in this perspective, the public sector takes measurements of all activities performed by the public sector / companies both managers and employees to create a product that can provide certain satisfaction for the customer as well as the shareholders. In this case the company focuses on three main business processes namely: process innovation, operation process, post sales process.
Internal business process perspective on business organization with public organization is basically the same that is to build organizational superiority through continuous improvement of internal process of organization (
Based on the results of the above interviews, it was concluded that all informants explained that the implementation of performance in the internal business process perspective provides benefits for management in SAMSAT of Mataram City, and also becomes an evaluation of the process.
The Growth and Learning Perspective, the last perspective in the Balanced Scorecard is the growth and learning perspective. Kaplan (
Customer satisfaction, as previously disclosed, is a top priority in the concept of Balance Scorecard for the public sector because customer satisfaction is a leverage for the achievement of the main objective of public sector organizations, namely the increasing of welfare society. Customer satisfaction is closely related to how society, as the largest stakeholder, views the organization's performance over the years.
The learning and growth perspective identifies the parameters of inconvenience for public organizations. In public organizations, learning and growth perspectives are directed at increasing organizational values in the eyes of its customers and stakeholders. Growth and learning will affect the customer's perspective and internal business process perspective by increasing the organization's strategic objectives.
Based on the results of the interviews, it was concluded that all informants explained that the implementation of performance in learning and growth perspective gave benefit to management in SAMSAT of Mataram City, and also became an evaluation of the activities of SAMSAT Mataram City in order to measure the extent of performance of SAMSAT Office that has been held.
In the early days of implementing the Balanced Scorecard it was not a priority, nor was it noticed. Perhaps there are too many tools to measure employee performance so the impression of using Balanced Scorecard is useless. According to Mardiasmo (
Public organization is an organization established with the aim of providing services to the community rather than profit (profit). This organization can be a government organization and other nonprofit organizations. Although public organizations are not for profit, the organization can measure its effectiveness and efficiency in providing services to the public. For that public organization can use balanced scorecard in its performance measurement.
Eagle (
Based on the results of the interviews, it was concluded that all informants explained that the performance measurement by using LAKIP is only a measurement of technical performance that is based on the budget, does not pay attention to non technical non financial as a trigger of performance. In Balance Scorecard has been paying attention to performance measurement such as: stakeholders' satisfaction level, employee satisfaction level, number of employees attending the training, and the use of quality information to support the services provided, and others.
5.1. Conclusion
Based on the data and information that has been clustered into 5 (five) themes that describe in full and clear about how the possibility of application of balance scorecard at SAMSAT Office of Mataram City, concluded that:
Performance Measurement of SAMSAT of Mataram City conducted by internal organization and society served is evaluated on the performance of service of motor vehicle tax to society, it is expected that the management of SAMSAT service in Mataram can utilize the function in order to create performance improvement.1. Performance Measurement of SAMSAT of Mataram City conducted by internal organization and society served is evaluated on the performance of service of motor vehicle tax to society, it is expected that the management of SAMSAT service in Mataram can utilize the function in order to create performance improvement.
Limitations on the number and capacity of human resources to be the cause of less performance maximal implementation.2. Limitations on the number and capacity of human resources to be the cause of less performance maximal implementation.
The performance should be carried out in the form of coordination with all parties related to the effort to get input from all parties not limited to the community such as NGO or stakeholder in government.3. The performance should be carried out in the form of coordination with all parties related to the effort to get input from all parties not limited to the community such as NGO or stakeholder in government.
5.2. Implications
This research can provide theoretical implications for Sector Accounting research in terms of applying a balanced scorecard to public sector organizations. The results of this study conclude that improving performance measurement by applying the scorecard balance framework that has been designed will provide the direction and focus of work to be implemented by the organization in accordance with the vision, mission, objectives, and strategies that have been set previously. Performance measurement with a balanced scorecard framework will provide data and information about the condition of the organization more comprehensively and accurately.
The results of this research have implications on several policies: first, NTB Provincial Regulation No. 7 of 2008 on the formation, position, task, organizational structure and working arrangement of regional services. Second, improve / increase NTB Governor's Regulation Number 21 Year 2008 about the details of duties, functions, and work procedures of regional offices of West Nusa Tenggara Province.
Performance measurement with a balanced scorecard framework will provide data and information about the organization's conditions more comprehensively and accurately. Comprehensive and accurate data and information obtained from performance measurement is intended to assist the management of Bappenda NTB provincial leadership in taking further policy on samsat services tailored to the development of political, social, economic, and emerging technologies.
5.3. Limitations
In this study the authors have evidence of shortcomings and weaknesses that must still be given, in terms of. Therefore, in future studies, these shortcomings can be reduced so as to provide better results.