CRISPR technology can drastically speed up the pace of genetic experimentation and could possibly eliminate many hereditary diseases from bloodlines. CRISPR was discovered only by chance in microbes; experimenters eventually managed to apply the technique to mammalian genes. However, CRISPR is still very much underdeveloped, as in many areas it lacks in precision and efficiency. For humans, the main application of CRISPR is to eliminate hereditary disease, but it has also stimulated the urge for the bête noire of creating genetically modified children, called designer babies. The idea of designer babies is controversial, as to some, the genetic modification of humans is ethically very troubling. The majority of scientists believe that there needs to be a moratorium on the generation of genetically modified babies, but there are a select few with the exact opposite view. The majority of scientists insist that we cannot stop the advancement of contemporary technology and must go full force ahead. This paper attempts to trace the emergence of CRISPR and its potential utility for addressing human disease alongside its deficiencies and the ethical problems of designer babies. Lastly, recommendations are made to expedite CRISPR related future research and utilizing the technology for the benefit of generations to come.

This research is conducted to find out and analyse the implementation of criminal law in motive element of planed murder perpetrator as well as to find out and analyse the vindication of motive of planed murder perpertator by applying normative legal research method. Aimed to analyze the implementation of positive law norms under statute, case and historical, comparative and conceptual approach. Research result shown that implementation of Article 340 KUHP depends on judge’s point of view poured in his legal considerations. The point of view can be Monistic where motive is not a significance consideration as long as the crime lead to certain legal consequences or dualistic where motive is important to consider in order to determine perpetrator’s grade of guilt (psychologically) since dualistis point of view differentiate between objective element and subjective element (guilt element). To proof that there is motive element in a planed murder, Judge shall apply vindication principle used in Indonesia’s criminal law procedure according to Article 184 KUHP and law number 48 of 2009 concerning judiciary power.

Purpose:  the fragile of economic and political situations, weakness and instability in any country is a potential suitable medium to create and develop corrupted environment. Corruption minimizes the opportunity to funding projects in corrupted working environment. Typically the traditional image of local none government organizations leads to trust them, meanwhile the possibility of conducting corruption in these organizations is not far away from the staff. For example some directors or supervisors cheat the staff and seduce them to burn rate acts to show progress in the project, some mangers want to involve the staff in corrupted acts. This research arranged to minimize the potential corruption opportunities in local none government organizations in Iraq. 

Methodology: quantitative methodology was implemented. 29 questions plus participants` comment were arranged to be answered within 15 to 20 minutes. The collected data is primary data about the local none government organization current administration and professional state in Iraq.

Finding: Level of corruption could be noted in the local none government organizations and based on the collected data this corruption is result of: a) lack of comprehensive and professional code of conduct / internal policy and b) absent of best practice and international criteria in managing and producing organization issues at daily bases. Based on the participants feedbacks international none government organizations are recommended to support building professional work environment in the local none government organizations in Iraq.

Islam and Ottoman cultures have had a significant impact on the Albanian culture from the 15th century to the present. Islam has also been a shield that protects Albanian culture from Slavic and Greek assimilations. Therefore, the Islamic culture has had a very strong influence on the components that formed Albanians' social structure. It is possible to see the effects of Islamic culture on Albanians' life styles, family cultures, death and marriage rituals, economic lives, legal relations and all mentality structures and the system of values ​​that constitute the society. It was not difficult to adapt to the Albanian culture especially for the Ottoman interpretation of Islam because these two cultures have been built similarly on the old Mediterranean cultural basin. It is possible to find many common values ​​between the two cultures. For example, the values ​​including tolerance, indulgence, freedom, and, most importantly, being against discrimination are the elements that made these two cultures closer and united to each other. It is sufficient to look at the history in order to understand how tolerant Albanians are about religion. They have been able to live together with three different religions in high tolerance for centuries. The level of tolerance is such that there are individuals of different religions in a tribe or even in a family. The Islamized Albanians can also maintain their traditions, customs and authentic lifestyles along with the Islamic culture.

Soil acidity is one of the chemical soil degradation problems which affect soil productivity in the Ethiopian highlands. This paper tries to put together soil acidity concept, causes, extent and management practices. Soil acidity is the problem of agricultural activities in Ethiopian highlands (cultivated lands) and is getting an increase. Farmers require simple and sustainable techniques to amend acid soils and improve yields of crops of their choices. Recommendations on reclamation of acid soils need to change with new developments, such as liming, use of acid-tolerant crop varieties, integrated soil fertility management, and using of organic fertilizers. Liming has played an important role in raising soil pH and enhancing crop productivity. In Ethiopia, the gap between potential and actual yield is very wide because of soil acidity and associated nutrient availability. Acidic soils are not responsive to the application of inorganic fertilizers without amendments-it is simply wastage of resources. Thus, developing effective and efficient acid soil management practices is indispensable for enhancing crop productivity and thereby sustaining yield gains. This review focuses on the causes and managements of soil acidity and its subsequent effect on soil fertility and crop yield. It also provides important information on management options to amend soil acidity and improve the entire fertility of soils, and other organic amendments that can be applied to remedy soil acidity to the desired pH level and improve soil quality. Integrated acid soil management enhances the stability of yields and maximizes nutrient use efficiency.