The main objectives of this study were to determine the extent of innovation in the grape harvest, and the rate of familiarity and usability of innovations by farmers in Parwan province. The data were collected as primary data, included face to face interviews with 120 grape growers and local authorities in 20 villages spread across the two districts of Charikar and Bagram provinces of Parwan, Afghanistan. The data was analyzed by (SPSS 22) Package. According to the results, the size of agricultural land, land allocated to grape production have the most similarities; however, the findings show that grape yield was impressed by the application of farmers' innovations and knowledge by the user of innovation in the harvest stage grape production. The membership of farmers in agricultural organizations is very weak, and only 8.2% of the farmers have membership in the organization. And also, the advantages and disadvantages of using innovations were evaluated. The advatages were evaluated by six options (Saving Time, Increasing demand for the product, Wastes Reduction in the product, Better management,  Easy harvest, Employment of less laborer), and all of them given high importance (HI). The disadvantages were evaluated in four options, of which only the the item ''Not economic'' was given (HI) while the remaining three disadvantages were in (LI) category. Familiarity and usability of innovations have different results; most of the farmers are familiar with innovations. However, the application of innovations is less than it is familiarity

The objective of this paper is to give a theoretical structure that incorporates the inward development and elements of money related markets and organizations hypothesis keeping in mind the end goal to look at how the financial market and the managing an account part create pointers that influence financial development in Turkey. Incredibly, the choice of capital putting resources into request to obstruction against different sorts of dangers is a noteworthy issue for the banks. At this stage, an essential strategy to decide stretch testing is imperative whether the capital proportions of the banks are satisfactory or not.

The financial crisis of 2000-2001 was turned out to be devastating for Turkey after the plenitude of cash peg around the same time. The emergency being referred to originated from the deficient usage of controls, the insufficient profundity of the capital markets, the absence of evaluation of hazard, extreme loaning to consolidated establishments by national banks, confined financing costs, observed outside trade operations, constrained remote resource holding, the absence of rivalry, obstructions to remote section and high liquidity, endless swelling and a shortfall to be determined of installments.

Bank performance is one of the vital issues for the healthy functioning of the Turkish economy. I use surrogate scenarios to test flexibility of the banking sector. In this research I check how much banking sector is flexible to external shocks under the planned scenarios.

In this paper you can find so many objectives mean how you can examine your performance currently or in the past. The different panel data are collected that shows different perspective and views about the functionalism of the banking sector before and after the financial and economic crisis.

The study on the Impact of Investment Climate on Industrial growth in the Central African sub-region (CEMAC) is centered on investigating into how macroeconomic stability, rule of law, political stability, legal and tax framework, infrastructure, and access to financial services will impact on industrial growth in the CEMAC region. It used data from World Development Indicators and World Governance Indicators database of the World Bank for 2002 to 2017 for all 6 countries of the sub region. Using the system-generalized method of moments (System-GMM) model and the fixed effects generalized least squares estimation techniques, our results on the average revealed that investment climate positively though not significantly, impact on the industrial growth in the sub region during the study period. However, up to about 45.5 per cent of the variables used for investment climate showed a negative impact on the industrial growth of the sub region. We therefore recommend that bureaucracy, government effectiveness, the type of government expenditure under taken, trade openness and value accountability be revisited and appropriate measures taken to permit for important improvements in industrial growth in the sub region.

Groundnut or peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) has gained prominence as food and cash crop both in the domestic and export markets. In Ghana, the bulk of groundnut is produced in the Guinea savannah zone where it is vulnerable to weed infestation that results in average yields of about 800 kg/ha compared to developed countries of more than 3,000 kg/ha. This experiment was conducted in Tolon during the 2012 farming season to determine the most suitable combination of pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides and/or hand weeding that could enhance efficient weed control and to assess the treatments that could promote yield and yield components of groundnut. Some local available herbicides and recommended rates used included: Pendimethalin at 0.15 kg a.i./ha, gallant super at 0.03 kg a.i./ha, agil at 0.02 kg a.i./ha, basagran at 0.14 kg a.i./ha. The study was laid out in RCBD with four replications.  Results showed Pendimethalin at 0.15 kg a.i./ha plus gallant super at 0.03 kg a.i/ha at 4 weeks after planting (WAP) recorded the highest pod yield of 2436 kg/ha. All treatments recorded significantly high yield over the Weedy check. Weed biomass correlated negatively (r= -0.5074) with nodulation count while haulm yield showed a positive correlation coefficient of (r=0.4575*) with pod yield. Weed control efficiency of 94.8% showed pendimethalin at 0.15 kg a.i/ha plus agil at 0.02 kg a.i/ha at 4WAP was most effective in weed control. Herbicide application reduced weed index. Basagran at 0.14 kg a.i/ha at 4WAP plus one hand weeding at 7WAP recorded least weed index of 24%. The most dominant weeds were broadleaves such as Ageratum conyzoides (L), Corchorus olitorius (Linn) and Ludwigia abyssinica (A. Rich). Plots with uncontrolled weeds resulted in 69% loss of pod yield. In order of decreasing weed control, yield components and pod yield; Pendimethalin at 0.15 kg a.i./ha plus gallant super at 0.03 kg a.i/ha applied at 4 WAP was more effective than basagran at 0.14 kg a.i/ha at 4WAP plus 1HW at 7WAP and gallant super at 0.03 kg a.i/ha at 4 WAP plus 1HW at 7 WAP; and are recommended in that order to groundnut farmers in the Guinea savanna zone of Ghana.

Main challenges, priorities and trends of the national health care are analyzed in the paper. The general concept of managerial capital was defined; its main sources were analyzed. Objective processes of developing a professional management system have been viewed. Within the framework of the forming organization’s management capital the following tasks of healthcare facilities’ management were determined. In the paper it is argues, that the process of managerial capital formation is ongoing in the frameworks of managerial staff’s professionalization. Thus, the main directions and variants of professionalization of managerial staff in healthcare field are proposed. But nevertheless, it is important to emphasize, that professionalization of managerial staff in Ukrainian health care is very complicated process, due to the lack of special training basis for its realization and, especially, understanding of government its necessity. The problem of forming and developing managers of healthcare facilities has been emphasized in the paper. Requirements for modern healthcare professionals have been identified.