The Role of Medical Social Work to Raise awareness of Prevention of The Epidemic Diseases

Social work has long been viewed as an important determinant of prevention with epidemic disease, especially in times of crisis ,Yet evidence on this relationship remains scarce, particularly in the developing world . We addressed that by studying examined the role of medical social work to raise awareness of prevention of the epidemic diseases ,This is an analytical descriptive cross-section study .It was conducted among social workers Saudis consumers (102). It aimed at the extent of the social worker's knowledge of the nature of epidemic diseases. and determine the actual preventive role of social workers in raising awareness of preventive diseases. The hypothesis is the presence of significant interrelation between them. Non-probability convenient sampling was applied; a self-administered questionnaire was developed during the 2020 COVID20 Virus , tested and filled by 102 males and females social workers, Findings showed that the total weights and percentage social worker knowledge of epidemic diseases dimension is (3022), (89.70%) respectively and the social worker role in raising awareness of preventive diseases dimension (3309), (83.2%) respectively was strongly positively associated with compliance among our respondents , in addition the study noted in the relationship between socio-demographic background and dimensions of the study T value is insignificant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed) (Age , experience ,sex ,marital statues and residence).


Introduction
Social work has long been viewed as an important determinant of prevention with epidemic disease, especially in times of crisis. this study aimed at investigating the social worker role that predicts the onset of to raise awareness of prevention of the epidemic The research question was how much the role of social worker would predict the raise awareness of prevention of the epidemic diseases ? its measurable objectives were: 1-Determine the socio-demographic background of the study 2-The extent of the social worker knowledge of the nature of epidemic diseases. 3.Determine the actual preventive role of social workers in raising awareness of preventive diseases Social work seeks to improvement of living and working conditions in the community, the relief or prevention of distress whether individual or social in origin according to quote from the prospectus of the New York School, ( Abraham Flexner 2010) makers can plan their health infrastructure in macro-level and pay more attention to health care prevention than treatment. Due to the increasing number of patients in the community, using social workers can find the roots of illnesses and social problems in team working. this means that social workers use their unique techniques including community-based work, social objectives and the implementation of health programs based on community needs (Samadi Rad, 2012). , in addition, social workers across the continuum of treatment services (outpatient, acute, chronic, crisis intervention, counseling, advocacy, and case management) will play their role. Participation in natural  Epidemiology-understanding the prevalence in time and space of well-being and its  predictors and of problems and their predictors.  Etiology-understanding what causes positive or negative health and behavior outcomes (Delbert S.
Elliott, Sharon Mihalic2004)  through qualitative studies, longitudinal descriptive studies, and theory development.  Efficacy trials-Designing and conducting  trials of the effects of preventive interventions under optimal conditions (SPR, 2004).  Effectiveness trials-Designing and conducting trials of effects of preventive interventions under real-world conditions From ethical, scientific, and historical perspectives, prevention, and health promotion hold great promise for improving the health of society. Ethically, the case for prevention is compelling: a just society should engage in actions that can reduce suffering, disease, and death, particularly among its most vulnerable citizens (Albee, 1983

Social work Skills
In dealing with the multitude of problems that social workers address, they must employ a variety of skills depending on the job that needs to get done. While some of these skills may be natural, many of them are honed while a social worker earns his or her bachelor's or master's degree. Below is a list of traits that a well-trained social worker.  Active Listening -Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.  Social Perceptiveness -Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.  Speaking -Talking to others to convey information effectively.  Critical Thinking -Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.  Coordination -Adjusting actions about others' actions.  Reading Comprehension -Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.  Service Orientation -Actively looking for ways to help people.  Writing -Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. The objectives in the field of health care in general, it is the specific mode and influenced policy, attitudes, ideologies, values, and scholars in this field. But the concept of social work intervention aims to improve the social functioning of the health care so the goals and roles of social work might be expected to perform include ( N A S W,2002):  Counseling groups or individuals in dealing with chronic illness, loss of a loved one or substance abuse  Being a mandatory reporter and investigator of potential child abuse  Assess the needs of each client and keep detail records of clients progress in the healing process  Advocate on behalf of the client or family members by consulting with other members of the healthcare team  Helping to connect clients with community and government resources around financial or insurance issues  Help clients fill out Medicare or Medicaid application information and oversee their information and status of ongoing benefits.  Evaluation of stress on the psychological, social, emotional and physical environment for patients and their families may encounter and assist them directly.  Play the role of counselor, advocate, liaison, mediation and helping patients to make optimal use of health care programs.  Providing health care programs, including prevention programs and improving the quality of life in a way that is applicable and accessible to all patients and members of the community.(Sajjad Majidi Parast1 and Behrouz Allaii, 2014)  Create interaction and communication between health care personnel and patients treated with the positive cooperation between them is obtained.  Participation and correct analysis of health policy and planning (a member of making macro policy committee).  Leadership programs in the areas of participation and patient education.  Management and evaluation of how to provide health services to the poor through research.  Changing health care services from the service center to need a center and the combination of the two.  Working with the mentally ill, frail and their families and assess their needs.  Identify the main causes of mental illnesses and other diseases by providing community-based rehabilitation.

Epidemic diseases
A communicable (or infectious) disease is an illness due to the transmission of a specific infectious agent (or its toxic products) from an infected person, animal or inanimate source to a susceptible host, either directly or indirectly.
A commonly used definition of an epidemic is that of Abram Benenson, who defined it as 'the occurrence in a community or region of cases of illness (or an outbreak) with a frequency clearly in excess of normal expectancy'. The meaning of the term epidemic is broad. The numbers of cases, geographic extent, and time period need to be specified to be able to describe an epidemic . . (Charles Guest, Feb 2013). IPCE ,WHO, 2014 How can we prevent epidemics?
Classically, prevention is described as primary, secondary, or tertiary.
Primary prevention: preventing disease onset In the context of communicable diseases various options include: • Eliminating the organism: • controlling organisms in their natural reservoir • Environmental protection: ensuring a safe drinking water supply, with proper separation of sewage from drinking water . • safeguarding the food supply.
• Interrupting the chain of transmission • modifying behavior, • personal hygiene-a simple yet effective means of control • Reducing susceptibility in the host: • reversing malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency to boost people's immunity in low-income countries helps to prevent the spread of, for example, tuberculosis • vaccination-perhaps the most successful example of primary prevention, leading to global eradication of smallpox and to a sustained reduction in the incidence and consequences of childhood diseases. • Health education and community participation: • promoting vector control programmers, in particular the use of personal protection like insect repellents and mosquito nets • supporting personal hygiene and food hygiene measures in preventing gastroenteritis • endorsing vaccination campaigns.

Method
This is an analytical community-based cross-sectional study that was conducted in Jazan region, kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Different rural and urban areas in the region were covered, to social worker staff enrolled in the hospitals in jazan region employees. All were Saudis, they are employer 25-+45years. The study was conducted during April -July 2020 by researcher A non-probability convenient sample was used to reach a total of (102) males and females individuals and the total of social worker in jazan hospitals (125) and (23) social worker nonresponse . A self-administrated structured pre-coded questionnaire was developed, tested, and used for data collection. It was selfadministered by respondents. The questionnaire was composed of three sections; socio-demographic background, a. social workers' knowledge of epidemic diseases. and the preventive role of social workers in raising awareness of preventive diseases. Study accomplishment was approved and stamped by the university research unit and respondents' consent was assured before data collection.
Data analysis was processed with the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS V. 24). Descriptive statistics and bilateral relations were generated Correlations were calculated by testing the Chisquare ,Mean Std app. Deviation Ratio, T-Test, Spearman's . Identify the extent of the specialist's knowledge of the nature of epidemic diseases and determine the actual preventive role of social workers in raising awareness of preventive diseases .The significance of the difference was achieved at P <0.05 and odds ratios, and charts and tables were produced by Microsoft Excel .

Limitations
Our analysis is not without limitations. As with any study using self-reports to measure potentially sensitive topics, our survey is susceptible to social desirability bias. It is possible, may have over-reported compliance with government-mandated restrictions. While we cannot eliminate this possibility altogether, respondents were repeatedly reassured of the confidentiality of their responses, and were given the option of skipping any question they preferred not to answer. Pre-testing suggested that our questions were not perceived as particularly sensitive, which is consistent with the many affirmative responses we received to questions about non-compliance

Results
The questionnaire has been applied upon(102) the social worker They work in the Ministry of Health in Jizan Region. Within the time limits for research, it has been applied in 2020. Within the spatial limits, of Jazan Region .  , and (i know about the prevailing epidemic diseases in the region) it occupies the second place where it scored (93.5%), while the social worker sees that (I know that the proper use of the material resources necessary to raise awareness of epidemic diseases) recorded the order before the last sentence (87.6%) and the phrase (Aware that program/policy changes important to have been made to access to health services) the means to achieve recorded the last order (85%) with total Mean and stand deviation of dimension 29.6), (3.194) respectively. and the total weights and percentage of the dimension (3022), (89.70%) respectively , the study noted that most the phrases of that axis were limited in its results to the high level which means that the study sample (social workers) has knowledge about the epidemic diseases .

Conclusion
Social workers play an important role in raising individual and community awareness of epidemic diseases and ways to prevent them as one of the goals of the medical social work, So social workers need to be able to collect, understand, and use epidemiological data to identify risk and protective factors to help guide decision making about where to focus and on what to focus preventive efforts in their communities. Social workers also need to understand and use the standards of evidence required inadequate trials of the efficacy of preventive interventions.

Recommendation
According to the results presented can be used to improve the quality of services to patients, families, and communities aimed at the following suggestions are offered: • The social workers in the health care system can play the role of the researcher in finding the detection of epidemic diseases and patient needs.

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Social workers in the health care system can make major decisions regarding the type of services and enhance patient satisfaction.

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To avoid increasing the level of diseases in the community, social workers should help to improve the structures and institutions of society, scientific planning and management should be considered.

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For preventing the epidemic diseases in society, we will require the cooperation of all agencies and governmental and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs).
• Support all hospitals with professional social workers.