How English Language Learning Textbooks Develop Learners' Communication Skills, Creative Language Production, Critical Thinking and Collaborative Learning
Vol. 6 No. 01 (2018)
Education And Language
January 30, 2018
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The aim of this research is to explain how English language learning textbook can develop the language learners' communication skills, creative language production, critical thinking and collaborative learning. Each skill is first explained in terms of definition and the targeted educational output sought. Then, the approaches to syllabus design that focus on developing these four skills are reviewed. Within each section of this research, the researcher sheds light on the teaching techniques involved. The researcher hopes to provide answers to the following questions:
- What is the theoretical / psychological foundation of each skill?
- What are the targeted educational outputs behind developing each skill?
- How can these four skills be integrated in English textbooks?
- What are the best classroom drills and teaching techniques required?
- How can the assessment procedures help measure the learners' progress in these skills?
The findings of this research may be useful to those who are in charge of editing English textbooks and to the teachers of English as well.
How English Language Learning Textbooks Develop Learners’ Communication Skills, Creative Language Production, Critical Thinking and Collaborative Learning. (2018). International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM), 6(01), EL-2018. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v6i1.el10
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1. Al-Alami, S. (2013) Utilizing Fiction to Promote English Language Acquisition. Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. In Hernán A. Avila, Creativity in the English Class: Activities to Promote EFL Learning: 98 https://howjournalcolombia.org/index.php/how/article/view/141
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18. Kramsch, Claire, Language and Culture, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001.
19. Laal, M. and Ghodsi, S. M., "Benefits of Collaborative Learning," Journal of Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 31 (0), pp. 486-490, 2012.
20. Larsen-Freeman, Diane, Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching (2nd ed.), Oxford University Press, UK, 2000.
21. Lipman, M., "Critical Thinking: What It Can Be?" Journal of Educational Leadership, 46 (1), pp. 38-43, 1988.
22. Matthews R. S., Cooper J. L., Davidson N. and Hawkes P. "Building bridges between cooperative and collaborative learning," Journal of Change, pp. 34-40. July/August, 1995.
23. Mirman, J. and Tishman, S. "Infusing thinking through connections," Journal of Educational Leadership, 45(7), pp. 64-65, 1988.
24. Naiman, L., "Fostering Innovation in an IT World" Canadian Information Processing Society Journal. In Hernán A. Avila, Creativity in the English Class: Activities to Promote EFL Learning: pp. 93, 1998. https://howjournalcolombia.org/index.php/how/article/view/141
25. Nixon-Ponder, Sarah, "Using Problem-posing Dialogue in Adult Literacy Education. Teacher to Teacher, In Journal of ERIC: 381677. Washington: Department of Education, 1995.
26. Oxford, R. L., "Cooperative learning, collaborative learning, and interaction: Three communicative strands in the language classroom," The Modern Language Journal 81(4), Special Issue: Interaction, Collaboration and Cooperation: Learning Languages and Preparing Language Teachers, pp. 443-456, 1997.
27. Pan, Y., "Do Tests Always Work?", The International Journal of Educational and Psychological Assessment, 2, pp. 74-88, 2009.
28. Panitz, T., Collaborative versus Cooperative Learning – A Comparison of the two Concepts which will help us Understand the Underlying Nature of Interactive Learning, 1996. Available: home.capecod.net/~tpanitz/tedsarticles/coopdefinition.htm [Accessed:10 Nov., 2017).
29. Razmloo, S., "High Schools or Private Institutions Textbooks? Which Fulfill Communicative Language Teaching Principles in Iranian Context?" Asian EFL Journal: The EFL Professional's Written Forum, 9, 4, pp. 126-140, 2007.
30. Richards, Jack C., Creativity in Language Teaching, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 2013.
31. Richards, J., Communicative Language Teaching Today, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005.
32. Richards, Jack C. and R. Schmidt , Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, (3rd ed.), Pearson Education Ltd., UK, 2002.
33. Savignon, S. "Communicative Language Teaching for the Twenty First Century" In Teaching English as a Second/Foreign Language, M. Murcia (ed.), p. 12-28, MA: Heinle & Heinle, Boston, 2001.
34. Smith, B. L. and MacGregor, J. T., "What is Collaborative Learning?" In Collaborative Learning: A Sourcebook for Higher Education. A. S. Goodsell, M. R. Maher, and V. Tinto (eds.),University Park, PA: National Center on Postsecondary Teaching, Learning, and Assessment, pp. 10-29, 1992.
35. Yalden, J., Communicative Syllabus: Evolution, Design and Implementation, Pergamon Press, New York, 1982
2. Alderson, C., & Wall, D., "Does Wash-back Exist?" Journal of Applied Linguistics: 14, pp. 115-129, 1993.
3. Argentini, P. (1998) Elements of Style for Screenwriters: The Essential Manual for Writers of Screenplays. Boulder, CO. Lone Eagle Press. In Hernán A. Avila, Creativity in the English Class: Activities to Promote EFL Learning: 98 https://howjournalcolombia.org/index.php/how/article/view/141
4. Brown, H.D., "Some Practical Thoughts about
5. Students- Sensitive Critical Pedagogy, Journal of The
6. Language Teacher, 28 (7), pp. 23-27, 2004.
7. Byram, Michael, Assessing Intercultural Communicative Skills. Uk: Multilingual Matters Ltd. 1997.
8. Chomsky, Noam, "On Nature and Language", Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1976, In V.J. Cook and M. Newson (2007) Chomsky's Universal Grammar: An Introduction (3rd edition). USA: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 17-8, 1976.
9. Costa, A.L. & Marzano, R., "Teaching the Language of Thinking," Journal of Educational Leadership, 45(2), pp. 29-33, 1987.
10. Crandall, J. (1999) Cooperative Language Learning and Affective Factors. In Affect in language learning, J. Arnold(ed.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 226-245, 1999.
11. Csikszentmihalyi, M., Creativity: The Psychology of Discovery and Invention., NY: Harper Perennial, New York, 2013.
12. Davidson, B, "A Case for Critical Thinking in the English Language Classroom," Journal of TESOL Quarterly, 32, pp. 119-123, 1998.
13. Dillenbourg, P., Collaborative Learning: Cognitive and Computational Approaches, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1999.
14. Hymes, D. H., "On Communicative Competence," In Sociolinguistics: Selected Readings, J. B. Pride, & A. Holmes (eds.), Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1972.
15. Johnson, D. W. and Johnson, R. T., "Learning Together
16. and Alone: Cooperative, Competitive and Individualistic Learning, (5th ed.), Allyn and Bacon, Boston, 1999.
17. Kelchtermans, G., "Who I am in how I teach is the message: Self- understanding, vulnerability, and reflection." Journal of Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 15 (2), pp. 257-272, 2009.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13540600902875332.
18. Kramsch, Claire, Language and Culture, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001.
19. Laal, M. and Ghodsi, S. M., "Benefits of Collaborative Learning," Journal of Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 31 (0), pp. 486-490, 2012.
20. Larsen-Freeman, Diane, Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching (2nd ed.), Oxford University Press, UK, 2000.
21. Lipman, M., "Critical Thinking: What It Can Be?" Journal of Educational Leadership, 46 (1), pp. 38-43, 1988.
22. Matthews R. S., Cooper J. L., Davidson N. and Hawkes P. "Building bridges between cooperative and collaborative learning," Journal of Change, pp. 34-40. July/August, 1995.
23. Mirman, J. and Tishman, S. "Infusing thinking through connections," Journal of Educational Leadership, 45(7), pp. 64-65, 1988.
24. Naiman, L., "Fostering Innovation in an IT World" Canadian Information Processing Society Journal. In Hernán A. Avila, Creativity in the English Class: Activities to Promote EFL Learning: pp. 93, 1998. https://howjournalcolombia.org/index.php/how/article/view/141
25. Nixon-Ponder, Sarah, "Using Problem-posing Dialogue in Adult Literacy Education. Teacher to Teacher, In Journal of ERIC: 381677. Washington: Department of Education, 1995.
26. Oxford, R. L., "Cooperative learning, collaborative learning, and interaction: Three communicative strands in the language classroom," The Modern Language Journal 81(4), Special Issue: Interaction, Collaboration and Cooperation: Learning Languages and Preparing Language Teachers, pp. 443-456, 1997.
27. Pan, Y., "Do Tests Always Work?", The International Journal of Educational and Psychological Assessment, 2, pp. 74-88, 2009.
28. Panitz, T., Collaborative versus Cooperative Learning – A Comparison of the two Concepts which will help us Understand the Underlying Nature of Interactive Learning, 1996. Available: home.capecod.net/~tpanitz/tedsarticles/coopdefinition.htm [Accessed:10 Nov., 2017).
29. Razmloo, S., "High Schools or Private Institutions Textbooks? Which Fulfill Communicative Language Teaching Principles in Iranian Context?" Asian EFL Journal: The EFL Professional's Written Forum, 9, 4, pp. 126-140, 2007.
30. Richards, Jack C., Creativity in Language Teaching, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 2013.
31. Richards, J., Communicative Language Teaching Today, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005.
32. Richards, Jack C. and R. Schmidt , Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, (3rd ed.), Pearson Education Ltd., UK, 2002.
33. Savignon, S. "Communicative Language Teaching for the Twenty First Century" In Teaching English as a Second/Foreign Language, M. Murcia (ed.), p. 12-28, MA: Heinle & Heinle, Boston, 2001.
34. Smith, B. L. and MacGregor, J. T., "What is Collaborative Learning?" In Collaborative Learning: A Sourcebook for Higher Education. A. S. Goodsell, M. R. Maher, and V. Tinto (eds.),University Park, PA: National Center on Postsecondary Teaching, Learning, and Assessment, pp. 10-29, 1992.
35. Yalden, J., Communicative Syllabus: Evolution, Design and Implementation, Pergamon Press, New York, 1982
